Airborne pathogens spread by what mechanism?

• A. The pathogens are so small that they attach to moisture in the air and remain floating for some time; include tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox
• B. Through food
• C. By skin contact only
• D. In water

Answer: (A)

Airborne transmission happens when tiny pathogens attach to moisture in the air and remain suspended, allowing them to travel on air currents and be inhaled by people who breathe the contaminated air. This mode can spread beyond immediate contact and through ventilation systems. Classic examples are tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox. Because of this, infection control relies on airborne precautions, such as private rooms with appropriate ventilation or negative pressure when possible, proper respirators for caregivers, and strict hand hygiene. Other routes like ingestion through food, direct skin contact, or contamination of water involve different pathways and require different precautions.