Among fractures, which type is most often associated with high mortality and prolonged disability?

• A. Hip fractures
• B. Clavicle fractures
• C. Ankle fractures
• D. Facial fractures

Answer: (A)

Hip fractures carry the highest risk of death and lasting disability, especially in older adults. When an older person breaks a hip, the fracture often leads to surgery and, critically, a period of prolonged immobilization. That immobility sets up a chain of complications—pneumonia from reduced chest movement, blood clots, urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers, and general deconditioning—that raise the chance of mortality and long-term loss of independence. While fractures like those of the clavicle, ankle, or facial bones can be serious, they typically don’t produce the same level of immobility and systemic complications, so their impact on survival and long-term function is usually less.