What are common signs of abuse or neglect in a resident that CNAs must report?

• A. Unexplained bruises or injuries, fear of staff, withdrawal, poor hygiene, malnutrition, dehydration, or sudden changes in mood or behavior.
• B. Normal mood.
• C. Clean appearance.
• D. Regular meals.

Answer: (A)

Recognizing abuse or neglect starts with noticing changes in a resident’s physical condition and behavior that aren’t typical for them. Unexplained bruises or injuries can indicate physical harm; fear of staff or avoiding care suggests emotional abuse or intimidation; withdrawal from others or hiding away from activities points to neglect or emotional distress. Poor personal hygiene, signs of malnutrition, dehydration, or weight loss show inadequate care or failure to meet basic needs. Sudden changes in mood or behavior, such as increased agitation, sadness, or confusion, can signal distress from abuse or neglect.

As a CNA, you must report any suspected abuse or neglect to your supervisor or the facility’s designated authority right away. You’re not diagnosing—you're observing and reporting facts you’ve seen or heard. Document objective details clearly: what occurred, where, when, who was involved, exact observed injuries or conditions, and any statements made by the resident or others. Your timely reporting helps protect the resident and prompts appropriate investigation and care, while maintaining the resident’s safety and rights.